【質問 No. 23894】 筆者の主張と hold の意味について |
安室 |
2024-01-14 06:10:45 |
In 2010, my feelings about books got a major boost from science, as two major studies published that year confirmed things that I have believed for years: that children (like all other people should own books, that libraries are wonderful things for children but cannot substitute for book ownership, and that books owned impact children's lives much more than books borrowed. The first study was conducted in low-income school districts across the United States. Researchers found that students who received free books each summer for three years performed substantially better on reading tests than students from the same districts who did not receive books. The researchers in this study made no attempt to determine whether or not the students actually read the books they were given. Book ownership was the only variable under consideration and the only variable that correlated with higher achievements in reading.
The second study, a very thorough one that examined more than 70,000 subjects in twenty-seven countries, found that students who grow up in homes with books stay in school an average of three years longer than students who grow up in homes without books. The large sample size in this study allowed researchers to control carefully for other factors that could influence school longevity; they found that the students received the same advantage "independent of their parents' education, occupation, and class" and that the results "hold equally in rich nations and poor; in the past and in the present; under Communism, capitalism, and Apartheid; and, most strongly, in China."
第2段落2文目、 the results "hold equally in rich nations and poor; in the past and in the present; under Communism, capitalism, and Apartheid; and, most strongly, in China." の hold の意味が決定できないです。また、文章の意味も、いまいち入って来ず、この部分は、何を言いたいのでしょうか。
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【回答】
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ご質問の箇所の意味は、「富裕国でも、貧しい国でも、過去でも現在でも、共産主義、資本主義、アパルトヘイトの下でも、等しく当てはまり、そして、最も強く当てはまるのは、中国、ということであった」ということで、hold の意味は、他動詞としては、「保つ、維持する」といった意味ですが、「自動詞」として使われるときは、「~ であることが維持される、当てはまる」という意味になるのです。これが何を意味するか、というご質問ですが、自分の家に図書があり、それを読んでいる子供の方が、図書館などから借りてきて読む子供よりも、平均で、3年も長く学校に通う傾向が強いことが、分かった、ということです。つまり、当然のことながら、富裕国の子供たちの方が、長く学校に留まり、上を目指すものが多い、ということです。
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